1. Note five important methods of Quaternary palaeoecology.
    
2. How does pollen analysis work?
    
3. Which methods are used to reconstruct Holocene glacier fluctuations?
    
4. How can we date fossil soils and fossil wood?
    
5. a) In an isotopic record of an ice core, values are ......................(less depleted/ more depleted) in ¹⁸O during the last 10'000 years (Holocene) than before (Late Glacial Time and Last Glacial Maximum). This indicates that the Holocene is a warmer period.
   b) Explain why this is the case.
    
6. Imagine you are investigating a lake core and want to date it with the radiocarbon method. What compontents do you look for and why?
      

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29 August 2011
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