- macroclimate
- The climate over larger areas outside the vegetation layer. Commonly referring to 2 m above ground and shade
- macrofauna
- Animals exceeding 1 mm in length
- MAGST
- Mean Annual Ground-Surface Temperature: Mean annual temperature of the surface of the ground
- MAGT
- Mean Annual Ground Temperature: Mean annual temperature of the ground at a particular depth
- MAPT
- Mean Annual Permafrost Temperature: Mean annual temperature in the depth of zero annual amplitude (ZAA), usually in a depth range of 15 to 25m.
- mass balance
- The balance of glacial input (accumulation), flow (transport), and output (ablation) of snow and ice
- Massenerhebungseffekt
- The fact that the same temperature and its related vegetation belt is found at higher elevations in central mountain ranges than in front ranges.
- Mean Annual Air Temperature (MAAT)
- Mean annual temperature of the air, measured 2m over ground
- Mean Annual Ground Temperature (MAGT)
- Mean annual temperature of the ground at a particular depth
- Mean Annual Ground-Surface Temperature (MAGST)
- Mean annual temperature of the surface of the ground
- Mean Annual Permafrost Temperature (MAPT)
- Mean annual temperature in the depth of zero annual amplitude (ZAA), usually in a depth range of 15 to 25m.
- melt water
- Water from melted snow or ice
- melting
- An endothermic physical process in which solid ice changes into liquid water (0 °C at 1 atm). Absorbs 80 calories/gram latent heat
- meristem
- A tissue layer or group of cells which produces new cells by cell division
- mesofauna
- Animals between 0.1 mm and 1 mm in their dimension
- mesozoic
- Geologic era extending from the end of the Paleozoic era to the beginning of the Cenozoic era, dating from approximately 225 to 65 million years ago; includes the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods
- metamorphism
- Geology: A change in the structure of rock by natural agencies such as pressure or heat and the introduction of new chemical substances.
General: In the sense of metamorphosis a change of form, structure, color etc.
- microclimate
- The climate in and around organisms. The climate organisms actually experience
- microhabitat
- The exact place where an organism lives
- mitochondria
- The cell organelles in which sugar is oxidized to CO2 and water thereby providing the organism with chemical energy (ATP)
- mole
- The molecular weight expressed in the unit gram
- monoecy
- In at least some flowers, only one gender is ever expressed.
- montane
- Of the zone between the hill zone (coline) and the high elevation treeline ecotone. , i.e. the vegetation of that zone.
- moraine
- Irregular, moundlike or ridgelike deposits of till laid down by glaciers
- mountain glacier
- Glacier which forms in the mountains
- mycelia
- The network of thin fungal "hyphae" spreading in soil
- mycorrhiza
- The "root-fungus", a symbiotic link between fungal mycelium and plant roots
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