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Soils are the product of a complex interaction between the
lithosphere, biosphere and the atmosphere leading to weathering processes.
The main influencing variables are called soil formation factors. In the
mountains, these factors often change dramatically within a short distance.
There are special microclimates, the geology is very diverse (e.g. a rock
fall lies directly beside a moraine), or the relief changes from a smooth
plain to a rough mountain slope within a few hundred meters. Therefore,
the soil formation factors and the corresponding soil types often vary
considerably within a short distance.
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